hard, coherent rock within one metre of the soil surface.
Landforms:
undulating, glacially scoured lowlands, in the high undulating mountain plateaux, and on summits with shallow frost-shattered debris and patterned ground. A wide range of slopes from gentle to very steep, but the land is invariably rocky or bouldery with well developed roches moutonnees in the Machars of Wigtonshire.
Soils:
freely drained brown earths, humus-iron podzols, subalpine soils and alpine soils (oroarctic soils).
Vegetation:
some mixed arable and dairy farming but mainly semi-natural grassland and moorland with occasional areas of broadleaved woodland and conifer plantations in the lowlands. Alpine azalea, lichens and sedges on the mountain tops.
Flow:
flow is vertical unsaturated flow with some lateral flow along the soil/rock interface.
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The James Hutton Research Institute is the result of the merger in April 2011 of MLURI and SCRI.
This merger formed a new powerhouse for research into food, land use, and climate change.