Research
I am the Head of Potato Genetics at the Hutton and a Professor of Crop Genetics at the University of Dundee.
Our research centres on identifying, mobilising, and cloning durable resistances against major potato pathogens. A key aspect of our work is the exploration of the Commonwealth Potato Collection, where we use genomics and genetics to uncover novel resistances. By working closely with breeders, stakeholders, and industry partners, we ensure that our fundamental research into disease resistance translates directly into practical applications.
Current projects focus on the following key areas:
- Identifying and cloning new genetic variations in wild Solanum species to confer resistance against Phytophthora infestans, Potato Cyst Nematodes, and Viruses.
- Using association genetics (SMRT-AgRenSeq-d) to pinpoint resistances in tetraploid potato cultivars and breeding clones.
- Developing and utilising diploid potatoes for trait discovery.
- Facilitating the integration of resistances into breeding programmes by creating highly transferrable markers.
Through these research avenues, we aim to improve the durability and effectiveness of disease resistance in potato cultivation, contributing to the sustainable growth of the industry and ensuring food security.
Publications
The following Publications have not yet been migrated to the James Hutton Institute's Pure service and relate to the research outputs from the two legacy organisations: The Macaulay Land Use Research Institute and The Scottish Crop Research Institute.
Journals
- Whisson, S.C.; Avrova, A.O.; Boevink, P.C.; Armstrong, M.R.; Seman, Z.A.; Hein, I.; Birch, P.R.J. (2011) Exploiting knowledge of pathogen effectors to enhance late blight resistance in potato., Potato Research, 54, 325-340.
- Sun, X.L.; Gilroy, E.M.; Chini, A.; Nurmberg, P.L.; Hein, I.; Lacomme, C.; Birch, P.R.J.; Hussain, A.; Yun, B.W.; Loake, G.J. (2011) ADS1 encodes a MATE-transporter that negatively regulates plant disease resistance., New Phytologist, 192, 471-482.
- Gilroy, E.M.; Taylor, R.M.; Hein, I.; Boevink, P.; Sadanandom, A.; Birch, P.R.J. (2011) CMPG1-dependent cell death follows perception of diverse pathogen elicitors at the host plasma membrane and is suppressed by Phytophthora infestans RXLR effector AVR3a., New Phytologist, 190, 653-666.
- Rietman, H.; Champouret, N.; Hein, I.; Niks, R.E.; Vleeshouwers, V.G.A.A. (2010) Plant and oomycetes, an intimate relationship: Co-evolutionary principles and impact on agricultural practice., CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources, 5, 1-17.
- Bos, J.I.B.; Armstrong, M.R.; Gilroy, E.M.; Boevink, P.; Hein, I.; Taylor, R.M.; Tian, Z.D.; Engelhardt, S.; Vetukuri, R.R.; Harrower, B.E.; Dixelius, C.; Bryan, G.J.; Sadanandom, A.; Whisson, S.C.; Kamoun, S.; Birch, P.R.J. (2010) Phytophthora infestans effector AVR3a is essential for virulence and manipulates plant immunity by stabilizing host E3 ligase CMPG1., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), 107, 9909-9914.
- Hein, I.; Gilroy, E.M.; Armstrong, M.R.; Birch, P.R.J. (2009) The zig-zag-zig in oomycete-plant interactions., Molecular Plant Pathology, 10, 547-562.
- Graham, J.; Hackett, C.A.; Smith, K.; Woodhead, M.; Hein, I.; McCallum, S. (2009) Mapping QTLs for developmental traits in raspberry from bud break to ripe fruit., Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 118, 1143-1155.
- Song, B.K.; Hein, I.; Druka, A.; Waugh, R.; Marshall, D.F.; Nadarajah, K.; Yap, S.J.; Ratnam, W. (2009) The 172-kb genomic DNA region of the O. rufipogon ylg1.1 locus: comparative sequence analysis with O. sativa ssp. Japonica and O. sativa ssp. Indica., Functional and Integrative Genomics, 9, 97-108.
- Crampton, B.G.; Hein, I.; Berger, D.K. (2009) Salicylic acid confers resistance to a biotrophic rust pathogen, Puccinia substriata, in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum)., Molecular Plant Pathology, 10, 291-304.
- Birch, P.R.J.; Boevink, P.; Gilroy, E.M.; Hein, I.; Pritchard, L.; Whisson, S.C. (2008) Oomycete RXLR effectors: delivery, functional redundancy and durable disease resistance., Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 11, 373-379.
- Sharma, S.K.; Millam, S.; Hein, I.; Bryan, G.J. (2008) Cloning and molecular characterisation of a potato SERK gene transcriptionally induced during initiation of somatic embryogenesis., Planta, 228, 319-330.
- Hein, I.; McLean, K.; Chalhoub, B.; Bryan, G.J. (2007) Generation and screening of a BAC library from a diploid potato clone to unravel durable late blight resistance on linkage group IV., International Journal of Plant Genomics, 2007.
- Whisson, S.C.; Boevink, P.; Moleleki, L.N. ; Avrova, A.O.; Morales, J.G.; Gilroy, E.M.; Armstrong, M.R.; Grouffaud, S.; van West, P.; Chapman, S.N.; Hein, I.; Toth, I.K.; Pritchard, L.; Birch, P.R.J. (2007) A translocation signal for delivery of oomycete effector proteins into host plant cells., Nature, 450, 115-118.
- Gilroy, E.M.; Hein, I.; van der Hoorn, R.; Boevink, P.; Venter, E.; McLellan, H.; Kaffarnik, F.; Hrubikova, K.; Shaw, J.; Holeva, M.C.; Lopez, E.C.; Borras-Hidalgo, O.; Pritchard, L.; Loake, G.J.; Lacomme, C.; Birch, P.R.J. (2007) Involvement of cathepsin B in the plant disease resistance hypersensitive response., Plant Journal, 52, 1-13.
- van den, Berg, N.; Berger, D.K.; Hein, I.; Birch, P.R.J.; Wingfield, M.J.; Viljoen, A. (2007) Tolerance in banana to Fusarium wilt is associated with early up-regulation of cell wall-strengthening genes in the roots., Molecular Plant Pathology, 8, 333-341.
- van Nugteren, I.; Hein, I.; Berger, D.K. (2007) Development of a virus-induced gene silencing system in pearl millet., South African Journal of Botany, 73,339-339.
- Avrova, A.O.; Whisson, S.C.; Pritchard, L.; Venter, E.; de Luca, S.; Hein, I.; Birch, P.R.J. (2007) A novel, non-protein-coding infection-specific gene family is clustered throughout the genome of Phytophthora infestans., Microbiology, 153, 747-759.
- Collazo, C.; Ramos, P.L.; Chacon, O.; Borroto, C.J.; Lopez, Y.; Pujol, M.; Thomma, B.P.H.J.; Hein, I.; Borras-Hidalgo, O. (2006) Phenotypical and molecular characterization of Tomato mottle Taino virus-Nicotiana megalosiphon interaction., Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 67, 231-236.
- Hein, I.; Barciszewska-Pacak, M.; Hrubikova, K.; Williamson, S.; Dinesen, M.; Soenderby, I.E.; Sundar, S.; Jarmolowski, A.; Shirasu, K.; Lacomme, C. (2005) Virus-induced gene silencing-based functional characterization of genes associated with powdery mildew resistance in barley., Plant Physiology, 138, 2155-2164.
- Liu, H.; Hedley, P.E.; Cardle, L.; Wright, K.M.; Hein, I.; Marshall, D.F.; Waugh, R. (2005) Characterisation and functional analysis of two barley caleosins expressed during barley caryopsis development., Planta, 221, 513-522.
- Hein, I.; Williamson, S.; Russell, J.R.; Powell, W. (2005) Isolation of high molecular weight DNA suitable for BAC library construction from woody perennial soft-fruit species., Biotechniques, 38, 69-71.
- van den Berg, N.; Crampton, B.G.; Hein, I.; Birch, P.R.J.; Berger, D.K. (2004) High-throughput screening of suppression subtractive hybridization cDNA libraries using DNA microarray analysis., Biotechniques, 37, 818-824.
- Faivre-Rampant, O.; Gilroy, E.M.; Hrubikova, K.; Hein, I.; Millam, S.; Loake, G.; Birch, P.R.J.; Taylor, M.A.; Lacomme, C. (2004) Potato virus X-induced gene silencing in leaves and tubers of potato., Plant Physiology, 134, 1308-1316.
- Hein, I.; Campbell, E.I.; Woodhead, M.; Hedley, P.E.; Young, V.; Morris, W.L.; Ramsay, L.; Stockhaus, J.; Lyon, G.D.; Newton, A.C.; Birch, P.R.J. (2004) Characterisation of early transcriptional changes involving multiple signalling pathways in the Mla13 barley interaction with powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. Hordei)., Planta, 218, 803-813.
- Avrova, A.O.; Taleb, N.; Rokka, V.; Heilbronn, J.; Campbell, E.; Hein, I.; Gilroy, E.M.; Cardle, L.; Bradshaw, J.E.; Stewart, H.E.; Jaufeerally-Fakim, Y.; Loake, G.; Birch, P.R.J. (2004) Potato oxysterol binding protein and cathepsin B are rapidly up-regulated in independent defence pathways that distinguish R gene-mediated and field resistances to Phytophthora infestans., Molecular Plant Pathology, 5, 45-56.
- Lacomme, C.; Hrubikova, K.; Hein, I. (2003) Enhancement of virus induced gene silencing through viral-based production of inverted-repeats., Plant Journal, 34, 543-553.
- Windhovel, A.; Hein, I.; Dabrowa, R.; Stockhaus, J. (2001) Characterization of a novel class of plant homeodomain protein that bind to the C4 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene of Flaveria trinervia., Plant Molecular Biology, 45, 201-214.
Books / chapters
- Hein, I.; Kumlehn, J.; Waugh, R. (2008) Functional validation in the Triticeae., In: Jorgensen, R. (ed.). Genetics and Genomics of the Triticeae. Chapter 13, 359-286.
- Graham, J.; Hein, I.; Powell, W. (2007) Raspberry., In: Kole, C (ed.). Genome Mapping and Molecular Breeding in Plants: Fruits and Nuts. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, Chapter 9, 207-216.
- Graham, J.; Hein, I.; Powell, W. (2007) Genomic tools in contemporary raspberry breeding., In: Kole, C. (ed.). Genome Mapping and Molecular Breeding in Plants. Vol 4 Fruits and Nuts. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Chapter 9, 207-214.
- Berger, D.K.; Crampton, B.G.; Hein, I.; Vos, W. (2007) Screening cDNA libraries on glass slide microarrays., In: Brampal, J.B. (ed.). Microarrays: Volume II Applications and Data Analysis, Series: Methods in Molecular Biology Vol 382. 2nd edition. Humana Press, Totowa, New Jersey, USA, Chapter 12, 177-203.
Technical / contract reports
- Hein, I.; Birch, P.R.J.; Chapman, S.N.; Bryan, G.J. (2011) Pathogen effector driven search for more durable potato late blight resistance., Annual Report of the Scottish Crop Research Institute for 2010, pp38-40.
- Avrova, A.O.; Birch, P.R.J.; Hein, I.; Jones, J.T.; Pritchard, L. (2010) Functional analysis of pathogen effectors: how to go from genomics to durable resistance., Annual Report of the Scottish Crop Research Institute for 2009, 39-41.
- Sharma, S.K.; Millam, S.; Hedley, P.E.; Hein, I.; McNicol, J.W.; Bryan, G.J. (2008) Somatic embryogenesis in potato., Annual Report of the Scottish Crop Research Institute for 2007, pp18-19.
Conference papers
- Breen, S.; Gilroy, E.M.; Armstrong, M.R.; Morales, J.G.; Hein, I.; Douglas, E.; Boevink, P.; McLellan, H.; Randall, E.; Tian, Z.D.; Avrova, A.O.; Pritchard, L.; Lokossou, A.A.; Govers, F.; van der Vossen, E.A.G.; Vleeshouwers, V.G.A.A.; Brunner, F.; Whisson, S.C.; Birch, P.R.J. (2010) Avr2, an RXLR effector from Phytophthora infestans., Oomycete Molecular Genetics Network Congress, Toulouse, France, 6-8 June 2010.
- Gilroy, E.M.; Hein, I.; McLellan, H.; Breen, S.; Engelhardt, S.; Tian, Z.D.; Seman, Z.A.; Pritchard, L.; Armstrong, M.R.; Randall, E.; Avrova, A.O.; Cooke, D.E.L.; Lees, A.K.; Vleeshouwers, V.G.A.A.; van West, P.; Whisson, S.C.; Birch, P.R.J. (2010) Using knowledge of RXLR effectors to seek durable resistance., Oomycete Molecular Genetics Network Congress, Toulouse, France, 6-8 June 2010.
- Gravouil, C.; Dickinson, M.; Newton, A.C.; Hein, I. (2010) Characterisation of the barley phyllosphere and its interactions with Rhynchosporium secalis., Postgraduate Symposium, Nottingham, 23-24 June 2010 (Poster).
- Gilroy, E.M.; Breen, S.; Hein, I.; Tian, Z.D.; Armstrong, M.R.; Douglas, E.; Lokossou, A.A.; Boevink, P.; McLellan, H.; Randall, E.; Morales, J.G.; Avrova, A.O.; Pritchard, L.; van der Vossen, E.A.G.; Whisson, S.C.; Birch, P.R.J. (2009) Amino acid polymorphisms upstream of the RXLR motif in Phytophthora infestans effector Avr2 condition R gene recognition., The Fungal Cell, British Mycological Society Meeting, Westpark Conference Centre, Dundee, 1-4 September 2009.
- Gilroy, E.M.; Armstrong, M.R.; Bos, J.; Taylor, R.; Morales, J.; Hein, I.; Douglas, E.; Boevink, P.; Avrova, A.O.; Breen, S.; van West, P.; Pritchard, L.; Whisson, S.C.; Sadanandom, A.; Kamoun, S.; Birch, P.R.J. (2009) Functional analysis of Phytophthora infestans RXLR effectors Avr2 and Avr3a., Fungal Genetics Conference, Asilomar Conference Grounds, Pacific Grove, California, USA, 17-22 March 2009.
- Hein, I.; Gilroy, E.M.; Whisson, S.C.; Pritchard, L.; Bryan, G.J.; Birch, P.R.J. (2009) Exploiting the Phytophthora infestans genome to determine targets for sustainable potato protection., XIV MPMI Conference, Montreal, Canada, 19-23 July 2009.
- Birch, P.R.J.; Armstrong, M.R.; Gilroy, E.M.; Bos, J.; Taylor, R.M.; Morales, J.G.; Hein, I.; Douglas, E.; Boevink, P.; Breen, S.; Pritchard, L.; Whisson, S.C.; Sadanandom, A.; Kamoun, S. (2009) Localisation and function of Phytophthora infestans RXLR effectors and their host targets., XIV MPMI Conference, Montreal, Canada, 19-23 July 2009.
- van den Berg, N.; Berger, D.K.; Hein, I.; Birch, P.R.J.; Wingfield, M.J.; Viljoen, A. (2009) Genes up-regulated in tolerant Cavendish banana roots in response to Fusarium oxysporium f.sp. cubense infection., International Symposium on Recent Advances in Banana Crop Protection for Sustainable Production and Improved Livelihoods, White River, South Africa, 10-14 September 2007. Acta Horticulturae, 828, pp273-282.
- Hein, I.; Harrower, B.E.; Squires, J.; Birch, P.R.J.; Bryan, G.J. (2007) Screening wild potato accessions for resistance to the virulent allel of the Phytophthora infestans effector avr3a EM., XIII International Congress of Molecular Plant Microbe Interactions, Sorrento, Italy, 21-27 July 2007.
- McLellan, H.; Gilroy, E.M.; Hein, I.; Boevink, P.; Birch, P.R.J.; Loake, G. (2007) The roles of cathespin B-like proteases in plant disease resistance., XIII International Congress on Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, Sorrento, Italy, 22-26 July 2007.
- McLean, K.; McNicoll, J.; Bradshaw, J.E.; Hein, I.; Milbourne, D.; Bryan, G.J. (2006) Strategies for fine mapping and isolation of resistance QTLs on Linkage Groups IV and V of potato., International Solanaceae Conference and Solanaceae Genomics Network, Madison, Wisconsin, 23-27 July 2006.
- Gilroy, E.M.; Venter, E.; McLellan, H.; Hein, I.; Hrubikova, K.; Holeva, M.C.; Boevink, P.; Loake, G.J.; Lacomme, C.; Birch, P.R.J. (2006) Inducible disease resistance involves an apoplastic cysteine protease Cathepsin B., Proceedings of IOBC/wprs Joint Working Group Meeting: Breeding for Inducible Resistance against Pests and Diseases, Heraklion, Crete, 27-29 April 2006.
- Hein, I.; Williamson, S.; Russell, J.R.; Graham, J.; Brennan, R.M.; Powell, W. (2004) Development of genomic resources for red raspberry: BAC library construction, analysis and screening., Plant and Animal Genome Conference (PAG) XII Proceedings, San Diego, California, 10-12 January 2004, 109.
- Lacomme, C.; Hrubikova, K.; Hein, I. (2003) Viral induced gene silencing (VIGS) enhancement through viral-based expression of inverted repeats., Abstracts of 5th International Symposium – Recent Advances in Plant Biotechnology: Progress and Developments, Stara Lesna, Slovak Republic, 83.
- Lacomme, C.; Hrubikova, K.; Hein, I. (2003) Enhancement of virus induced gene silencing through viral-based production of inverted repeats., Abstracts of Seventh International Congress of Plant Molecular Biology, Barcelona, Spain, 398.
- Graham, J.; Hein, I.; Russell, J.R.; Woodhead, M.; Gordon, S.C.; Smith, K.; Jorgensen, L.; Brennan, R.; Powell, W. (2003) The use of genomics technologies in contemporary Rubus and Ribes breeding programmes., Acta Horticulturae, 649, 319-322.
- Rokka, V.; Avrova, A.O.; Hein, I.; Gilroy, E.M.; Cardle, L.; Birch, P.R.J. (2002) Unravelling signalling processes in the potato R gene resistance response to Phytophthora infestans., GILB GILB’02 conference – Late Blight: Managing the Global Threat, Hamburg, Germany, 11-13 July 2002, 152.
- Avrova, A.O.; Whisson, S.C.; de Luca, S.; Hein, I.; Williams, N.; Birch, P.R.J. (2001) Infection stage-specific gene expression in Phytophthora infestans., Molecular Biology of Fungal Pathogens XII, Ambleside, Cumbria, 14-16 September 2001.
- Morris, W.L.; Hedley, P.E.; Hein, I.; Campbell, E.; Birch, P.R.J.; Newton, A.C. (2000) Characterisation of resistance pathways to Rhynchosporium secalis in barley using suppression subtractive hybridisation., Proceedings of the 6th International Congress of Plant Molecular Biology, Quebec, Canada, 18-24 June 2000, pp22-36.
Conference posters / abstracts
- Birch, P.R.J.; Boevink, P.C.; Gilroy, E.M.; Hein, I.; Pritchard, L.; Randall, E.; Whisson, S.C. (2011) Effectors from the potato late blight pathogen: their roles in suppressing or triggering the plant immune system., British Mycological Society Meeting, Exeter, September 2011.
- Gravouil, C.; Fountaine, J.M.; Dickinson, M.J.; Hein, I.; Newton, A.C. (2011) The bad, the ugly and the good., Fourth International Workshop on Barley Leaf Blights, West Park Centre, Dundee, 27-29 June 2011. (Poster)
- Gravouil, C.; Fountaine, J.M.; Macrae, A.; Hein, I.; Dickinson, M.; Newton, A.C. (2010) Characterisation of the barley (Hordeum vulgare) phyllosphere., 9th International Symposium on Leaf Surface Ecology, Corvallis, Oregon, USA, 15-18 August 2010 (Poster).
- Gravouil, C.; Newton, A.C.; Hein, I.; Dickinson, M. (2010) Effect of potato bacterial pathogen on barley fungal diseases., Inaugural College of Life Sciences’ PhD Association (PiCLS) Symposium, Dundee, 12-13 May 2010 (Poster).
- Hein, I.; Whisson, S.C.; Armstrong, M.; Gilroy, E.M.; Avrova, A.O.; Tian, Z.; Chapman, S.N.; Birch, P.R.J.; Bryan, G.J. (2010) Identifying key Phytophthora infestans effectors as targets for more durable late blight resistance., 7th Solanaceae Conference 2010, Dundee, 5-9 September 2010, 155 (Poster).
- Gilroy, E.M.; Breen, S.; Morales, J.G.; Lokossou, A.A.; Ramos, B.; Armstrong, M.R.; Hein, I.; Boevink, P.; Pritchard, L.; van der Vossen, E.A.G.; Vleeshouwers, V.G.A.A.; Whisson, S.C.; Birch, P.R.J. (2009) Cloning and functional analysis of Phytophthora infestans RXLR effector, Avr2., 22nd New Phytologist Symposium on Effectors in Plant-Microbe Interactions, INRA Versailles Research Centre, Paris, France, 13-16 September 2009 (Poster).
- Lacomme, C.; Faivre-Rampant, O.; Gilroy, E.M.; Valentine, T.A.; Shaw, J.; Hrubikova, K.; Blok, V.C.; Hein, I.; Haupt, S.; Loake, G.; Birch, P.R.J.; Taylor, M.A.; Oparka, K.J. (2004) Virus-induced gene silencing vector development for functional studies in Solanaceae., 1st Solanaceae Genome Workshop. Wageningen, The Netherlands, 19-21 September 2004 (Abstract).
- Avrova, A.O.; Whisson, S.C.; Hein, I.; de Luca, S.; Venter, E.; Birch, P.R.J. (2003) Differential gene expression in Phytophthora infestans prior to and during potato infection., 8th International Congress of Plant Pathology, Christchurch, New Zealand, 2-7 February 2003 (Poster).
- Graham, J.; Russell, J.R.; Hein, I.; Powell, W. (2003) An integrated approach to mapping in Rubus., Abstracts of the Annual Main Meeting of the Society for Experimental Biology, 134/A, S143-S144.