Alison Hester

Senior Scientist and Baillie Gifford Entrepreneurial Research Fellow
Ecological Sciences
T: +44 (0)344 928 5428 (*)

Professor Alison Hester FRSB FRSGS is a senior scientist and Baillie Gifford Entrepreneurial Research Fellow at the James Hutton Institute, UK. She did her Degree at King’s College University of London, PhD at Aberdeen University/CEH and a Royal Society Postdoctoral Fellowship at CSIRO Western Australia. Alison has over 30 years research experience (with c200 scientific publications and contract reports) and an international reputation in biodiversity, conservation and land management. Much of her research forms an integral part of large, interdisciplinary projects and she works closely with scientists, land managers, communities and policy-makers in different parts of the world. In recent years she has taken a lead role in bringing together and managing diverse teams of scientists in the highly interdisciplinary research area of natural capital and Ecosystem Services, both within the institute and through a range of international collaborations.
 

Biography

Alison is currently leading a new Climate-Positive Farming initiative for the Institute which is exploring transformative approaches to upland farming, with innovations in technology and in ways of working.

Alison is also a trained, experienced facilitator and project manager (in the last ten years she has been project manager/principal investigator on projects totalling >£15million). She is highly skilled in science communication and networking, as well as an experienced supervisor, trainer, reviewer and external examiner (nationally and internationally). Alison has extensive practical experience in the logistics of international research, e.g. negotiating, establishing and servicing experimental sites in remote areas, community-based management of natural resources, stakeholder consultations, multi-national workshops and policy communications. She works closely with scientists, land managers, communities, policy makers and Governments in different parts of the world and has contributed as an author and advisor for UK initiatives such as the National Ecosystem Assessment. Alison serves on numerous Committees and Steering groups, including the Natural Capital Initiative,and ALTER-Net Council: Europe’s Ecosystem Research Network. She is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Biology and an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Scottish Geographical Society.

Research

Alison’s research interests and experience lie in applied biodiversity and natural resource management, with a particular focus on plant:herbivore interactions, climate and other drivers of change (particularly in forest and upland systems). Examples of her ongoing research include climate-change resilience and adaptation; multifunctional land management; connectivity and networks; current and potential conflicts between land management targets for biodiversity versus changing agricultural and other demands; interactive effects of climate and herbivores driving major global habitat and species changes.

Publications

The following Publications have not yet been migrated to the James Hutton Institute's Pure service and relate to the research outputs from the two legacy organisations: The Macaulay Land Use Research Institute and The Scottish Crop Research Institute.

Journals

Books / chapters

  • Quine, C.; Cahalan, C.; Hester, A.J.; Humphrey, J.; Kirby, K.; Moffat, A.; Valatin, G. (2011) Woodlands., In: UK National Ecosystem Assessment. Understanding Nature’s Value to Society. Technical Report. Cambridge, UNEP-WCMC, Chapter 8, pp241-293.
  • Ross, L.C.; Woodin, S.J.; Hester, A.J.; Thompson, D.B.A.; Birks, H.J.B. (2011) Is the vegetation of the North-West Highlands changing? Results from a 50-year re-visitation study of major upland vegetation types., In: Marrs, S.J., Foster, S., Hendrie, C., Mackey, E.C. & Thompson, D.B.A. (eds.). The Changing Nature of Scotland. TSO Scotland, Edinburgh, Chapter 3, 429-434.
  • Skarpe, C.; Hester, A.J. (2008) Plant traits, browsing and grazing herbivores, and vegetation dynamics., In: Gordon, I.J. & Prins, H.H.T. (eds.). The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing. Ecological Studies 195, Springer, Berlin, pp217-262.
  • Hester, A.J.; Brooker, R.W. (2007) Threatened habitats: marginal vegetation in upland areas., In: Hester, R.E. & Harrison, R.M. (eds.). Biodiversity under Threat. Issues in Environmental Science and Technology 25, Royal Society of Chemistry, London, pp106-134. ISBN: 9780854042517
  • Hester, A.J.; Lempa, K.; Neuvonen, S.; Hoegh, K.; Feilberg, J.; Arnthorsdottir, S.; Iason, G.R. (2006) Birch sapling responses to severity and timing of domestic herbivore browsing – implications for management., In: Plant Ecology, Herbivory and Human Impact in Nordic Mountain Birch Forests (eds. F.E. Wielgolaski). Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany, pp139-155.
  • Hester, A.J.; Bergman, M.; Iason, G.R.; Moen, J. (2006) Impacts of large herbivores on plant community structure and dynamics., In: Large Herbivore Ecology, Ecosystem Dynamics and Conservation (eds. K. Danell, R. Bergstrom, P. Duncan and J. Pastor). Cambridge University Press, pp97-141
  • Wright, I.A.; Duncan, A.J.; Clemens, J.; Rahman, A.; Raja, O.; Gordon, I.J.; Hester, A.J.; Raffique, S.M.; Atiq-ur-Rehman, F. Ali; Baig, A. (2005) A systems approach to understanding constraints and opportunities., In: Livestock, Food, Pastures and People: a Systems Study in the Northern Areas of Pakistan (eds. I.A. Wright and A.J. Duncan). ICIMOD, Kathmandu, pp57-67.
  • Towers, W.; Hester, A.J.; Malcolm, A.; Hall, J.; Stone, D. (2004) The potential for native woodland in Scotland: the native woodland model., Natural Heritage Management Series. Scottish Natural Heritage, Battleby, Perth. 56p. Includes CD ROM. ISBN: 1 85397 390 4
  • Hester, A.J.; Birnie, R.V.B.; Lund, J. (eds.) (1999) Grazing management options for native woodlands., Proceedings of Seminar held jointly by the Native Woodlands Discussion Group and the Hill Land Use and Ecology Discussion Group, Macaulay Land Use Research Institute, Aberdeen, 23 April 1998. 121pp.
  • Hester, A.J.; Kirby, K.J.; Mitchell, E.J.G.; Gill, R.M.A.; Latham, J.; Armstrong, H. (1998) Ungulates and forest management in the British Isles., In: Grazing as a management tool in European forest ecosystems: a review of research priorities. (eds. J.W Humphrey, R.M.A. Gill and J. Claridge). Forestry Commission Technical Paper 25, Forestry Commission, Edinburgh. pp25-36.
  • Thompson, D.B.A.; Hester, A.J. and Usher, M.B. (1995) Heaths and Moorlands: Cultural Landscapes., HMSO, Edinburgh, 1995.

Technical / contract reports

  • Miller, D.R.; Morrice, J.G.; Aspinall, P.; Brown, K.; Cummins, R.; Dinnie, E.; Gilbert, A.; Hester, A.; Horne, P.; Mitchell, R.; Morris, S.; Roe, J.; Ward Thompson, C. (2011) Contribution of green and open space in public health and well-being., RERAD, Scottish Government, Progress Report 2010/11. Project no. MLU/ECA/UGW/847/08.
  • Miller, D.R.; Morrice, J.G.; Aspinall, P.; Brown, K.; Cummins, R.; Dinnie, E.; Gilbert, A.; Hester, A.J.; Horne, P.L.; Mitchell, R.; Morris, S.; Roe, J.; Ward Thompson, C. (2011) GreenHealth., RERAD, Scottish Government, Progress Report, 2010/11.
  • Emmett, B.; Ashmore, M.; Belyazid, S.; Britton, A.; Caporn, S.; Carroll, J.; Davies, O.; Dise, N.; Field, C.; Helliwell, R.C.; Henrys, P.; Hester, A.J.; Hughes, H.; Jones, L.; Kivimaki, S.; Leake, J.; Leith, I.; Maskell, R.; Mills, L.; Mizunuma, T.; Ostle, N.; Phoenix, G.; Pilkington, M.; Pitman, R.; Power, S.; Reynolds, B.; Rowe, E.; Scott, A.; Sheppard, L.; Smart, S.; Sowerby, A.; Tipping, E.; Vanguelova, E.; Vuohelainen, A.; Williams, B.L. (2010) Terrestrial Umbrella – Effects of eutrophication and acidification on terrestrial ecosystems. Annual Report 2010., Annual Contract Report to Defra.
  • Towers, W.; Hester, A.J.; Pakeman, R.; Artz, R.R.E.; Chapman, S.J.; Littlewood, L.; Legg, C. (2010) Review of muirburn impacts on soil carbon and biodiversity., Invited presentation to the Scottish LFA Stakeholder Group.
  • Lavery, A.; Easton, E.; Goulson, D.; Hester, A.J.; Higgins, P.; Marrs, R.; Rivington, M.; Thompson, D. (2010) Ecology in the Scottish school curriculum., A report to Scottish Qualification Authority.
  • Emmett, B.; Ashmore, M.; Belyazid, S.; Britton, A.; Broadmeadow, M.; Caporn, S.; Davies, O.; Dise, N.; Field, C.; Helliwell, R.C.; Hester, A.J.; Hughes, S.; Leake, J.; Leith, I.; Maskell, L.; Mills, R.; Mizunuma, T.; Ostle, N.; Phoenix, G.; Power, S.; Reynolds, B.; Rowe, E.; Scott, A.; Sheppard, L.; Smart, S.; Sowerby, A.; Tipping, E.; Vanguelova, E.; Vuohelainen, A.;Williams, B.P. (2009) Terrestrial Umbrella – Effects of Eutrophication and Acidification on Terrestrial Ecosystems. Annual Report 2009., Annual Contract Report to DEFRA.
  • Miller, D.R.; Morrice, J.G.; Aspinall, P.; Brown, K.; Cummins, R.P.; Dilley, R.; Gilbert, A.; Hester, A.J.; Harthill, P.L.; Mitchell, R.; Roe, J.; Ward Thompson, C. (2009) Contribution of green and open space in public health and well-being., 1st Annual Report to Scottish Government, June 2009. Project MLU/ECA/UGW/847/08.
  • Miller, D.R.; Morrice, J.G.; Aspinall, P.; Brown, K.; Cummins, R.P.; Dilley, R.; Gilbert, A.; Hester, A.J.; Harthill, P.L.; Mitchell, R.; Roe, J.; Ward Thompson, C. (2009) Scontribution of green and open space in public health and well-being., 2nd Progress Report to Scottish Government, November 2009. Project No. MLU/ECA/UGW/847/08.
  • Hester, A.J.; Towers, W.; Donnelly, D. (2009) Prediction of native woodland potential, Glen Feshie Estate., Glen Feshie Estate.
  • Emmett, B.; Cooper, J.R.; Ashmore, M.; Belyazid, S.; Britton, A.; Broadmeadow, M.; Caporn, S.; Carroll, J.; Davies, O.; Dise, N.; Field, C.; Helliwell, R.C.; Hester, A.J. Hughes, S.; Leake, J.; Leith, I.; Maskell, L.; Mills, R.; Mizunuma, T.; Ostle, N.; Phoenix, G.; Power, S.; Reynolds, B.; Rowe, E.; Scott, A.; Sheppard, L.; Smart, S.; Sowerby, A.; Tipping, E.; Vanguelova, E.; Vuohelainen, A. (2008) Terrestrial Umbrella – Effects of Eutrophication and Acidification on Terrestrial Ecosystems. Annual Report 2008., Annual Contract Report to DEFRA.
  • Schwarz, G.; Towers, W.; Hester, A.J.; Ross, I. (2006) Review and update of the Cairngorms forest and woodland framework., Report for the Cairngorms National Park Authority.
  • Palmer, S.C.F.; Hester, A.J.; Pakeman, R.J.; Truscott, A-M.; Gordon, I.J.; Albon, S.D. (2003) The development of a moorland scenario model., Scottish Natural Heritage.
  • Hester, A.J.; Towers, W.; Malcolm, A.; Jones, M. (2003) Support for the moorland forum: predicting the potential distribution of key moorland habitats in the Cairngorms area., SNH Contract Report.
  • Britton, A.J.; Gordon, I.J.; Pakeman, R.J.; Hester, A.J.; Elston, D.A.; Dennis, P. (2003) Design of research methodology to determine the impacts of grazing on lowland heathland., Contract Report to English Nature.
  • Towers, W.; McKeen, M.; Hester, A.J.; Malcolm, A.; Ray, D.; Quinne, C.P.; Gray, H.; Stone, D. (2001) Comparison of outputs from the Ecological Site Classification (ESC) and the Native Woodland Model (NWM)., Contract Report to Scottish Natural Heritage.
  • Towers, W.; Hester, A.J.; Malcolm, A. (2001) Native woodland model – potential distribution of woodland and scrub communities in natural heritage zones 19 and 20., Contract Report to Scottish Natural Heritage.
  • Britton, A.J.; Gordon, I.J.; Hester, A.J.; Robertson, E.; McKeen, M.; Common, G.; Palmer, S.C.F.; Marquiss, M. (2000) A grazing plan for Isle of Rum National Nature Reserve., Contract Report to Scottish Natural Heritage.
  • Waterhouse, E.C.; Chalmers, N.A.; Ross, I.; Towers, W.; Bullough, D.; Gordon, I.J.; Hester, A.J.; Milne, J.A.; McKeen, M.; Malcolm, A. (2000) Invercauld Estate Audit., A Final Report for Invercauld Estate, Scottish Natural Heritage, the Cairngorms Partnership and Grampian Enterprise, June 2000.
  • Towers, W.; Hester, A.J. and Malcolm, A. (2000) Native woodland model – potential distribution of woodland and scrub communities in Natural Heritage Zones 2 (part), 4 and 5., Report to Scottish Natural Heritage.
  • Duncan, A.J.; Clemens, J.; Omer, R.; Rahman, A.; Hester, A.J.; Wright, I.A.; Gordon, I.J. (2000) EU-Agr-Karakoram project – first year report., European Union INCO-DC Programme.
  • Towers, W.; Hester, A.J. and Malcolm, A. (1999) MLURI native woodland model – potential distribution of woodland and scrub communities in natural heritage zones 7, 13 and 15., Contract Report to Scottish Natural Heritage.
  • Towers, W.; Hester, A.J. and Malcolm, A. (1999) MLURI native woodland model-potential distribution of woodland scrub communities in natural heritage zones 10, 11 and 12., Scottish Natural Heritage.
  • Towers, W.; Hester, A.J. and Malcolm, A. (1999) MLURI native woodland model-potential distribution of woodland scrub communities in natural heritage zones 6, 8 and 14., Scottish Natural Heritage.
  • Waterhouse, E.C.; Chalmers, N.A.; Crabtree, J.R.; Gauld, J.H.; Gordon, I.J.; Hester, A.J.; Malcolm, A.; Milne, J.A. (1999) The Mar Estate Audit Project: A final report for Mar Estate and Scottish Natural Heritage., Scottish Natural Heritage and Capt. M. Nicolson (Trustee, Mar Estate).
  • Hester, A.J.; Towers, W.; Malcolm, A. (1999) The potential for native woodlands on the Island of Rum., Scottish Natural Heritage.
  • Towers, W.; Hester, A.J.; Malcolm, A. (1999) The potential for native woodlands around Loch Sunart., Scottish Natural Heritage.
  • Towers, W.; Hester, A.J.; Malcolm, A.; Ross, I. and Baird, E. (1999) Cairngorms forest and woodland framework : consultative draft., SNH/FC/Cairngorms Partnership.
  • Towers, W.; Hester, A.J.; Malcolm, A.; Ross, I. and Baird, E. (1999) Cairngorm forest and woodland framework, Volumes 1 and 2., SNH/FC/Cairngorms Partnership.
  • Towers, W.; Malcolm, A.; Hester, A.J. (1998) Mapping the potential distribution of NVC woodland types in part of the Western Highlands., Scottish Natural Heritage / Highland Birchwoods.
  • Milne, J.A.; Birch, C.P.D.; Hester, A.J.; Armstrong, H.M. and Robertson, A. (1998) Estimating national trends and regional differences in red deer density on open-hill ground in Scotland: identifying the causes of change and consequences for upland habitats., Scottish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report, No. 981, 29pp.

Conference papers

  • Mitchell R.J.; Hester A.H.; Campbell C.D.; Chapman S.J.; Cameron C.M.; Hewison R.L.; Potts J.M. (2010) Predicting the soil microbial community: is vegetation composition or soil chemistry the better predictor?, British Ecological Society Conference, University of Leeds, Leeds, 7-9 September 2010.
  • Britton, A.J.; Hester, A.J.; Beale, C.; Hewison, R.L.; Towers, W. (2010) Drivers of biodiversity change in british alpine habitats., Global Change and the World’s Mountains, Perth, Scotland, 26-30 September 2010.
  • Hester, A.J.; Towers, W.; Donnelly, D. (2010) Current site characteristics: a framework for modelling native woodland potential., Glenfeschie Estate Habitats Restoration Seminar, Aviemore, 25 June 2010. Invited paper.
  • Omer, R.; Hester, A.J.; Gordon, I.J.; Raffique, S.M.; Swaine, M.D. (2005) Pasture productivity and utilisation., In: Livestock, Fodder, Pastures and People: an Integrated Study in the Northern Areas of Pakistan (eds. I.A. Wright and A. J. Duncan). International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), Kathmandu, Nepal.
  • Wright, I.A.; Duncan, A.J.; Clemens, J.; Rahman, A.; Raja, O.; Gordon, I.J.; Hester, A.J.; Raffique, S.M.; Atiq-ur-Rehman; Ali, F.; Baig, A. (2002) A systems study of livestock production in the Northern Areas of Pakistan., Responding to the Increasing Global Demand for Animal Products; International Conference organised by the British Society of Animal Science (BSAS), American Society of Animal Science and the Mexican Society of Animal production, UADY Merida, Mexico, 12-15 November 2002.
  • Hester, A.J. (2001) Grazing management and forest regeneration in marginal areas., Annals of the Icelandic Forestry Society (Skograektarritio), pp97-103.
  • Towers, W.; Hester, A.J.; Malcolm, A.; Stone, D. (2001) A strategic approach to native woodland expansion in the Scottish uplands., Proceedings of Forestry Beyond the Timberline, Akureyri, Iceland, June 2000. Annals of the Icelandic Forestry Society, pp132-136.
  • Towers, W.;;Hester, A.J.; Ross, I.; Malcolm, A.; Baird, E. (2000) The Cairngorms Forest and Woodland Framework – its compilation, content and interpretation., Cairngorms Forest and Woodland Framework Practitioners Seminar, SNH, Battleby, Perth, January 2000.
  • Towers, W.; Hester, A.J.; Malcolm, A.; Ross, I.; Baird, E.; Shepherd, N.; Stone, D.; Adamson, J. (2000) The development of a forest and woodland framework for the Cairngorms Area, Scotland., In: New Opportunities for Forest-Related Rural Development, (eds. W.Slee and I. Hughes). IUFRO Symposium, University of Aberdeen, August 1999, pp167-173.
  • Beecham, J.A.; Oom, S.P. and Hester, A.J. (1999) The role of animal decisions in the development of vegetation mosaics., In: Proceedings of the 8th Annual Conference of the International Association in Landscape Ecology, Bristol, UK, 6-8 September 1999. Harvard University Press, Bognor Regis, UK. pp121-130.
  • Gordon, I.J.; Welch, D.; Hester, A.J.; Clarke, J.A. (1998) The foraging behaviour of red deer (Cervus elaphus) and sheep (Ovis aries) on vegetation mosaics., In: Recent Developments in Deer Biology (ed. J.A. Milne). Proceedings International Congress on the Biology of Deer, 3rd, Edinburgh, 28 August – 2 September 1994. MLURI, Aberdeen, September 1994 pp284.
  • Hester, A.J. (1997) Herbivore impacts on montane scrub., In: The ecology and restoration of montane and subalpine scrub habitats in Scotland. (Eds. D. Gilbert, D. Horsefield and D.B.A. Thompson). Scottish Natural Heritage Review, 83, pp103-108
  • Cuartas, P.; Gordon, I.J.; Hester, A.J. and Hulbert, I. (1995) Diet of sheep and red deer when grazing together on vegetation community mosaics., Proceedings of the Symposium on Wild and Domestic Ruminants – Extensive Systems Eds. R.R. Hofman and H.J. Schwartz, pp125-130.

Conference posters / abstracts

  • Palacio, S.; Paterson, E.; Sim, A.; Hester, A.J.; Millard, P. (2010) Browsing effects on intra-ring C allocation in oak and birch saplings., Stable Isotopes and Biogeochemical Cycles in Terrestrial Ecosystems -Coupling Plant and Soil Processes Across Spatial and Temporal Scales, Conference at the Centro Stefano Franscini, Monte Verita, Switzerland, 21-26 March 2010.
  • Dawson, L.A.; Hester, A.J.; Ross, J.M.; Hood, K.; Gwatkin, R.; Potts, J.; Bell, J.; Sommerkorn, M. (2009) Carbon dynamics in heather moorland – impact of tree establishment., In: Predicting the Future for Highly Organic Soils, British Society of Soil Science, Spring Conference, Edinburgh Conference Centre, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, 5-7 May 2009.
  • Gilbert, D.J.; Hester, A.J.; Legg, C. (2009) Is snow important to tall shrubs?, Highland Aspen Group Conference.
  • Gilbert, D.J.; Hester, A.J.; Legg, C.; Price, M. (2009) A place for montane scrub and natural treelines in the British uplands., Knowledge Scotland, Scottish Natural Heritage, Inverness, 25 March 2009.
  • Gilbert, D.J.; Hester, A.J.; Legg, C. (2008) A place for montane scrub and natural treelines in the British uplands., Association of Applied Biologists Conference, Shaping a Vision for the Uplands, Sheffield Hallam University, 2-4 June 2008.
  • Gilbert, D.J.; Hester, A.J.; Legg, C. (2008) A place for montane scrub and natural treelines in the British uplands., Aspects of Applied Biology, 85, Shaping a Vision for the Uplands, pp.1-xx.
  • Gilbert, D.J.; Hester, A.J.; Legg, C.; Price, M. (2008) A place for montane scrub and natural treelines in the British uplands., Highland Aspen Conference, Boat of Garten, 3-4 October 2008.
  • Gilbert, D.J.; Hester, A.J.; Legg, C.; Price, M. (2008) A place for montane scrub and natural treelines in the British uplands., School of Geocsciences Student Seminar, University of Edinburgh.
  • Gilbert, D.J.; Hester, A.J.; Legg, C. (2008) Is snow important to tall shrubs?, EURECO-GFOE Conference, Leipzig, Germany, 14-18 September 2008.
  • Hester, A.J. et al. (2008) The impact of human trampling on vegetation: results from a European transect study., In: EURECO-GFOE Conference, Leipzig, Germany, 14-18 September 2008.
  • Hester, A.J.; Britton, A.J.; Beale, C.M.; Towers, W.; Hewison, R.L. (2008) Biodiversity losses in Scottish alpine vegetation: What are the key drivers?, EURECO-GFOE Conference, Leipzig, Germany, 14-18 September 2008.
  • Gilbert, D.J.; Hester, A.J.; Legg, C. (2008) A place for montane scrub and natural treelines in the British uplands., In: Shaping a vision for the uplands. Conference 21, Sheffield Hallam University, UK, 2-4 June 2008. Association of Applied Biologists, Wellesbourne, pp19-24.
  • Hester, A.J.; Brooker, R.W.; Osler, G.H.R.; Campbell, C.D.; Mitchell, R. (2007) The impacts of woodland colonisation into moorland., Making Scotland’s Rural Environment More Sustainable, Royal Society of Edinburgh, 25 June 2007.
  • Britton, A.J.; Hester, A.J.; Helliwell, R.C. (2006) Impacts of climate, grazing and pollution on structure and functioning of upland landscapes., In: The Future of Biodiversity in the Uplands (ed. J.M. Milne). Battleby, Perth, 8 December 2006.
  • Hester, A.J.; Laker, J. (2006) Capacity building for temperate rainforest biodiversity conservation., Dawin Initiative Lecture, 7th, Cambridge University, 5 December 2006.
  • Dawson, L.A.; Lund, J.; Hester, A.J.; Crisp, L. (2006) Vegetation succession: introduction., Scottish Association of Geography Teachers Conference, 28 October 2006.
  • Dawson, L.A.; Lund, J.; Hester, A.J.; Crisp, L. (2006) Vegetation succession: moorlands., Scottish Association of Geography Teachers Conference, 28 October 2006.
  • Britton, A.J.; Hester, A.J.; Perez-Barberia, F.J. (2006) The only constant is change: using archive data to explore drivers of change in heathland communities over the last 30 years., National Heathland Conference, 9th, University of Aberdeen, 8-10 August 2006.
  • Millett, J.; Millard, P.; Hester, A.J.; MacDonald, A.J.H. (2004) The effects of above-and below-ground competition by Calluna and Molinia on the growth and nitrogen cycling of birch (Betula pubescens)., British Ecological Society Annual Meeting, Lancaster, 7-9 September 2004.
  • Millett, J.; Hester, A.J.; Millard, P.; MacDonald, J. (2003) The influence of competition and timing of damage on the response of sapling trees to browsing damage by deer., SEB Conference, April 2003.

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