Research
I have a background in a wide range of soil and environmental topics, and in the modelling of complex environmental system. I have qualifications in a range of subjects, and have worked for several years in Aberdeen at the University and the James Hutton Institute. I have over 50 publications including refereed papers, conference proceedings, technical reports and popular articles. I also have expertise in soil modelling, land cover mapping, remote sensing interpretation, environmental modelling, soil formation, land use and land use change, artificial intelligence and computer programming. I have an intimate knowledge of the Scottish landscape, and of the data held at the James Hutton Institute which describes it.
A key aspect of my work is the development of novel modelling and classification methods and software packages that utilise spatial remote sensing and environmental data in a wide range of environmental applications. This includes the development, with other staff members, or mobile phone apps for environmental monitoring in real-time.
The 'Related Content' links at the side of the page will take you to projects that I am involved in.
Publications
The following Publications have not yet been migrated to the James Hutton Institute's Pure service and relate to the research outputs from the two legacy organisations: The Macaulay Land Use Research Institute and The Scottish Crop Research Institute.
Journals
- Aitkenhead, M.J.; Albanito, F.; Jones, M.B.; Black, H.I.J. (2011) Development and testing of a process-based soil model (MOSES) for ecosystem services., Ecological Modelling, 222, 3795-3810.
- Aitkenhead, M.J.; Aalders, I.H. (2011) Automating land cover mapping of Scotland using expert system and knowledge integration methods., Remote Sensing of Environment, 115, 1285-1295.
- Smith, J.; Gottschalk, P.; Bellarby, J.; Chapman, S.J.; Lilly, A.; Towers, W.; Bell, J.; Coleman, K.; Nayak, D.; Richards, M.; Hillier, J.; Flynn, H.; Wattenbach, M.; Aitkenhead, M.; Yeluripurti, J.; Farmer, J.; Milne, R.; Thomson, A.; Evans, C.; Whitmore, A.; Fallon, P.; Smith,P. (2010) Estimating changes in Scottish soil carbon stocks using ECOSSE. II. Application., Climate Research, 45, 193-205.
- Smith, J.; Gottschalk, P.; Bellarby, J.; Chapman, S.J.; Lilly, A.; Towers, W.; Bell, J.; Coleman, K.; Nayak, D.; Richards, M.; Hillier, J.; Flynn, H.; Wattenbach, M.; Aitkenhead, M.; Yeluripurti, J.; Farmer, J.; Milne, R.; Thomson, A.; Evans, C.; Whitmore, A.; Falloon, P.; Smith, P. (2010) Estimating changes in Scottish soil carbon stocks using ECOSSE. I. Model description and uncertainties., Climate Research, 45, 179-192.
- Richards, M.; McDonald, A.J.S.; Aitkenhead, M.J. (2010) Competition indices for predicting the radial growth of Scots pine in spatially heterogeneous forest., Ecological Modelling, 221,1649-1654.
- Aitkenhead, M.J.; Aalders, I.H. (2008) Predicting land cover using GIS, Bayesian and evolutionary algorithm methods., Journal of Environmental Management, 90, 236-250.
- Aitkenhead, M.J.; Cooper, R.J. (2008) Neural network time series prediction of environmental variables in a small upland headwater in NE Scotland., Hydrological Processes, 22, 3091-3101.
- Gelan, A.; Shannon, P.; Aitkenhead, M. (2008) Sustainable local land use policy: rhetoric and reality., Local Environment, 13, 291-308.
- Richards, M.; McDonald, A.J.S.; Aitkenhead, M.J. (2008) Optimisation of competition indices using simulated annealing and artificial neural networks., Ecological Modelling, 214, 375-384.
- Brown, E.; Aitkenhead, M.J.; Wright, R.; Aalders, I.H. (2008) Mapping and classification of peatland on the Isle of Lewis using Landsat ETM+., Scottish Geographical Journal, 123, 173-192.
- Aitkenhead, M.J; Aalders, I.H. (2008) Classification of Landsat TM imagery for land cover using neural networks., International Journal of Remote Sensing, 29, 2075-2084.
- Aitkenhead, M.J.; Lumsdon, P.; Miller, D.R. (2007) Remote sensing-based neural network mapping of tsunami damage in Aceh, Indonesia., Disasters, 31, 217-226
- Aitkenhead, M.J.; Aitkenhead-Peterson, J.A.; McDowell, W.; Smart, R.P.; Cresser, M. (2007) Modelling doc export from catchments in Scotland using neural networks., Computers and Geosciences, 33, 423-436.
- Cots-Folch, R.; Aitkenhead, M.J.; Martinez-Casasnovas, J.A. (2007) Mapping land cover from detailed aerial photography data using textural and neural network analysis., International Journal of Remote Sensing, 28, 1625-1642.
- Aitkenhead, M.J.; Dyer, R. (2007) Improving land cover classification using recognition threshold neural networks., Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 73, 413-421.
- Aitkenhead, M.J.; McDonald, A.J.S. (2006) The state of play in machine/environment interactions., Artificial Intelligence Review, 25, 247-276.
- Aalders, I.H.; Aitkenhead, M.J. (2006) Agricultural census data and land use change modelling., Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 30, 799-814.
- Aitkenhead, M.J.; Mustard, M.J.; McDonald, A.J.S. (2004) Using neural networks to predict spatial structure in ecological systems., Ecological Modelling, 179, 393-403.
- Hirave, P.; Glendell, M.; Birkholz, A.; Alewell, C. (2004) Suspended sediment source apportionment using compound-specific isotope analysis: a case study from a Scottish agricultural catchment., Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 17, 611-621.
- Mustard, M.; Standing, D.B.; Aitkenhead, M.J.; Robinson, D. and McDonald, A.J.S. (2003) Emergence of primary strategies in evolving virtual-plant populations., Scottish Agricultural Organisation Society and National Farmers Union Meeting, Perth, 7 March 2018.
- Aitkenhead, M.J.; McDonald, A.J.S. (2003) A neural network face recognition system., Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 16, 167-176.
- Aitkenhead, M.J.; Dalgetty, I.A; Mullins, C.E.; McDonald, A.J.S.; Strachan, N.J.C. (2003) Weed and crop discrimination using image analysis and artificial intelligence methods., Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 39, 157-171.
- Aitkenhead, M.J.; McDonald, A.J.S.; Dawson, J.J.; Couper, G.; Smart, R.P.; Billett, M.; Hope, D.; Palmer, S. (2003) A novel method for training neural networks for time-series prediction in environmental systems., Ecological Modelling, 162, 87-95.
- Aitkenhead, M.J.; McDonald, A.J.S. (2002) A neural network based obstacle-navigation animat in a virtual environment., Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 15, 229-239.
Prior to appointment
- Owen, M.; Chambers, D.; Aitkenhead, M.J. (2009) Artificial neural networks for arms control and the verification of treaty accountable items., Atomic Weapons Establishment Report 315/09.
- Aitkenhead, M.J. (2009) Using neural networks to map Africa’s land cover with Landsat ETM+ SLC-off imagery., Proceedings of SPIE – The International Society for Optical Engineering 7472, article no. 74720B
- Norton, G.J.; Aitkenhead, M.J.; Khowaja, F.S.; Whalley, W.R.; Price, A.H. (2008) A bioinformatic and transcriptomic approach to identifying positional candidate genes without fine mapping: an example using rice root-growth QTLs., Genomics 92, 344-352.
- Aitkenhead, M.J.; Flaherty, S.; Cutler, M.E.J. (2008) Evaluating neural networks and evidence pooling for land cover mapping., Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 74, 1019-1032.
- Cresser, M.S.; Aitkenhead, M.J.; Mian, I.A. (2008) A reappraisal of the terrestrial nitrogen cycle: What can we learn by extracting concepts from Gaia theory?, Science of the Total Environment 400, 344-355.
- Aitkenhead, M.J. (2008) A co-evolving decision tree classification method., Expert Systems with Applications 34, 18-25.
- Aitkenhead, M.J.; Foster, A.R.; FitzPatrick, E.A.; Townend, J. (1999) Modelling water release and absorption in soils using cellular automata., Journal of Hydrology, 220, 104-112.
- Deuchars, S.A.; Townend, J.; Aitkenhead, M.J.; Fitzpatrick, E.A. (1999) Changes in soil structure and hydraulic properties in regenerating rain forest., Soil Use and Management, 15, 183-187.
Books / chapters
- Aitkenhead, M.J.; Richards, M. (2005) The Ordersort algorithm., C++ User’s Journal, September 2005, p6-12.
- Aitkenhead, M.J.; Aalders, I.H. (2005) A framework for developing environmental models, In: MODSIM 2005 International Congress on Modelling and Simulation (eds. A. Zerger and R.M. Argent). Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand, December 2005, pp587-593.
- Aitkenhead, M.J. (2005) Evolving an autonomous neural network., In: MODSIM 2005 International Congress on Modelling and Simulation (eds. A. Zerger and R.M. Argent). Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand, December 2005, pp587-593.
Technical / contract reports
- Brown, I.; Gimona, A.; Poggio, L.; Castellazzi, M.; Aitkenhead, M.; Brooker, R. (2011) Developing upland habitat inventories for Annex 1 and priority BAP habitats., Report to Scottish Natural Heritage.
- Smith, P.; Smith, J.; Flyn, H.; Killham, K.; Rangel-Castro, I.; Foereid, B.; Aitkenhead, M.; Chapman, S.; Towers, W.; Bell, J.; Lumsdon, D.; Milne, R.; Thomson, A.; Simmons, I.; Skiba, U.; Reynolds, B.; Evans, C.; Frogbrook, Z.; Bradley, I.; Whitmore, A. (2007) ECOSSE – Estimating carbon in organic soils sequestration and emissions., Report to Scottish Executive Environment and Rural Affairs Department, Edinburgh, 177pp. ISBN 978 0 7559 1498 2.
Conference papers
- Aitkenhead, M.J.; Black, H.I.J. (2011) Exploring potential contributions of soil microbes to Martian terraforming through soil simulation., CAREX Conference on Life in Extreme Environments, Dublin, October 2011.
- Aitkenhead, M.J.; Foereid, B.; Smith, J.U.; Smith, P. (2006) ECOSSE – a globally applicable model of carbon and nitrogen dynamics in soil?, Reduced Nitrogen in Ecology and the Environment, Obergurgl, Austria, October 2006.
- Birnie, R.V.B.; Aitkenhead, M.; Lumsdon, P.; Miller, D.R.; Towers, W.; Wright, G.G.; Gill, M. (2005) The changing role of remote sensing for land resource assessment in scotland: lessons for the future., Proceedings of Annual Conference of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetric Society.
- Birnie, R.V.B.; Aitkenhead, M.; Lumsdon, P.; Miller, D.R.; Towers, W.; Wright, G.G.; Gill, M. (2004) The changing role of remote sensing for land resource assessment in Scotland: lessons for the future., Proceedings of Annual Conference of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetric Society. Published on cd-rom.
- Aitkenhead, M.J.; Wright, G.G. (2004) Mapping land use in NE Scotland with neural networks from remote sensing imagery., RSPSoc. Conference, Aberdeen, 2004.
- Aitkenhead, M.J. (2004) Environmental pattern recognition and prediction using evolved neural networks., International Conference on Artificial Intelligence 2004 (IC-AI ’04), Volume, pp188-194.
Conference posters / abstracts
- Smith, J.; Gottschalk, P.; Bellarby, J.; Chapman, S.J.; Lilly, A.; Towers, W.; Bell, J.; Coleman, K.; Nayak, D.; Richards, M.; Hillier, J.; Flynn, H.; Wattenbach, M.; Aitkenhead, M.; Yeluripurti, J.; Farmer, J.; Milne, R.; Thomson, A.; Evans, C.; Whitmore, A.; Falloon, P.; Smith, P. (2010) Use of dynamic, process-based models of soil C and N turnover to explore tradeoffs between land use change for agricultural production and carbon sequestration., Abstract for Global Land Project Workshop – Representation of Ecosystem Services in the Modelling of Land Systems, Jurys Inn, Aberdeen, 19-20 March 2010.
- Aalders, I.H.; Ode, A.; Aitkenhead, M.; Hagerhall, C.; Andersson, L. (2008) Fixed or flexible land cover classification for the analysis of landscape functionality?, IP SENSOR Conference: Impact Assessment of Land Use Change – Multifunctional Land Use, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany, 6-9 April 2008.
- Aitkenhead, M.J.; Lumsdon, P.; Miller, D.R. (2005) Remote sensing-based neural network mapping of tsunami damage in Aceh, Indonesia., RSPSoc, Portsmouth 2005.
- Aspinall, R.J.; Aalders, I.H.; Aitkenhead, M.J. (2004) Comparison of land cover modelling methods., IGC UK, Glasgow, 2004.
- McDonald, A.J.S.; Richards, M.L.A.; Standing, D.B.; Mustard, M.J.; Aitkenhead, M.J. (2003) Modelling the impact of heterogeneity in soil nutrients and precision in resource foraging on the persistence of subordinate plants., British Ecological Society Annual Meeting 2003.
- Aitkenhead, M.J.; Law, A.N.R.; Wright, G.W. (2003) Symolac: a system for modelling land cover., Chapman Conference on Ecosystem Interactions with Land Use Change, Sante Fe, New Mexico, 14-18 June 2003.