Skip to navigation Skip to content

Gordon Stephen

Staff picture: Gordon Stephen
Information and Computational Sciences
Information and Computational Sciences
Bioinformaticist
Gordon.Stephen@hutton.ac.uk
+44 (0)344 928 5428 (*)

The James Hutton Institute
Invergowrie
Dundee DD2 5DA
Scotland UK

 

I am a software developer who graduated with a 1st Class BSc (Hons) in Applied Computing from the University of Dundee. Since joining the Institute in the summer of 2009 I have been working on software tools for the visualization of biological data.

Current research interests

Currently my research focuses on the design and development of software tools – primarily visualization programs – including: Tablet for next generation sequencing data, Flapjack for graphical genotyping and CurlyWhirly for viewing 3D graphs with a particular focus on the outputs of principal coordinates analysis.

Past research

  • April 2011 – present: Bioinformatics Software Developer, Information and Computational Sciences – James Hutton Institute.
  • August 2009 – April 2011: Java Programmer, Genetics Programme – (SCRI) Scottish Crop Research Institute.

Bibliography

  • Guo, W.; Tzioutziou, N.A.; Stephen, G.; Milne, I.; Calixto, C.P.G.; Waugh, R.; Brown, J.W.S.; Zhang, R. (2021) 3D RNA-seq: a powerful and flexible tool for rapid and accurate differential expression and alternative splicing analysis of RNA-seq data for biologists., RNA Biology, 18, 1574-1587
  • Raubach, S.; Kilian, B.; Dreher, K.; Amri, A.; Bassi, F.M.; Boukar, O.; Cook, D.; Cruickshank, A.; Fatokun, C.; El Haddad, N.; Humphries, A.; Jordan, D.; Kehel, Z.; Kumar, S.; Labarosa, S.J.; Nguyen, L.H.; Mace, E.; McCouch, S.; McNally, K.; Marshall, D.F.; Mikwa, E.O.; Milne, I.; Odeny, D.A.; Plazas, M.; Prohens, J.; Rieseberg, L.H.; Schafleitner, R.; Sharma, S.; Stephen, G.; Quang Tin, H.; Togola, A.; Warschefsky, E.; Werner, P.; Shaw, P. (2021) From bits to bites: advancement of the Germinate platform to support prebreeding informatics for crop wild relatives., Crop Science, 61, 1538-1566
  • Sansaloni, C.; Franco, J.; Santos, B.; Percival-Alwyn, L.; Singh, S.; Petroli, C.; Campos, J.; Dreher, K.; Payne, T.; Marshall, D.; Kilian, B.; Milne, I.; Raubach, S.; Shaw, P.; Stephen, G.; Carling, J.; Saint Pierre, C.; Burgueño, J.; Crosa, J.; Li, H.; Guzman, C.; Kehel, Z.; Amri, A.; Kilian, A.; Wenzl, P.; Uauy, C.; Banziger, M.; Caccamo, M.; Pixley, K. (2020) Diversity analysis of 80,000 wheat accessions reveals consequences and opportunities of selection footprints, Nature Communications, 11, art.4572
  • Rapazote-Flores, P.; Bayer, M.; Milne, L.; Mayer, C-D.; Fuller, J.; Guo, W.; Hedley, P.E.; Morris, J.; Halpin, C.; Kam, J.; McKim, S.M.; Zwirek, M.; Casao, C.; Barakate, A.; Schreiber, M.; Stephen, G.; Zhang, R.; Brown, J.W.S.; Waugh, R.; Simpson, C.G. (2019) BaRTv1.0: a barley reference transcript dataset for quantitative measurement barley transcriptomes using RNA-seq., BMC Genomics, 20, Article No. 968.
  • Selby, P.; Abbeloos, R.; Backlund, J.E.; Basterrechea Salido, M.; Bauchet, G.; Benites-Alfaro, O.; Birkett, C.; Calaminos, V.C.; Carceller, P.; Cornut, G.; Costa, B.V.; Edwards, J.D.; Finkers, R.; Gao, S.Y.; Ghaffar, M.; Glaser, P.; Guignon, V.; Hok, P.; Kilian, A.; König, P; Lagare, J.E.B.; Lange, M.; Laporte, M.-A.; Larmande, P.; LeBauer, D.; Lyon, D.; Marshall, D.; Matthews, D.; Milne, I.; Mistry, N.; Morales, N.; Mueller, L.; Neveu, P.; Papoutsoglou, E.; Pearce, B.; Perez-Masias, I.; Pommier, C.; Ramirez-Gonzalez, R.H.; Rathore, A.; Raquel, A.M.; Raubach, S; Rife, T.; Robbins, K.; Rouard, R.; Sarma, C.; Scholz, U.; Selby, P.; Sempere, G.; Shaw, P.; Simon, R.; Soldevilla, N.; Stephen, G.; Sun, Q.; Tovar, C.; Uszynski, G.; Verouden, M. (2019) BrAPI - an Application Programming Interface for plant breeding applications., Bioinformatics, 35, 4147-4155.
  • Grüning, B.; Dale, R.; Sjödin, A.; Chapman, B.A.; Rowe, J.; Tomkins-Tinch, C.H.; Valieris, R.; Caprez, A.; Batut, B.; Haudgaard, M.; Cokelaer, T.; Beauchamp, K.A.; Pedersen, B.S.; Hoogstrate, Y.; Bretaudeau, A.; Ryan, D.; Le Corguillé, G.; Yusuf, D.; Luna-Valero, S.; Kirchner, R.; Brinda, K.; Wollmann, T.; Raden, M.; Pantano, L.; Soranzo, N.; van Heeringen, S.J.; Charlop-Powers, Z.; Unneberg, P.; de Smet, M.; Martin, M.; Von Kuster, G.; Antao, T.; Miladi, M.; Brueffer, C.; Thornton, K.; van den Beek, M.; Maticzka, D.; Blank, C.; Will, S.; Gravouil, K.; Wolff, J.; Holtgrewe, M.; Fallmann, J.; Piro, V.C.; Shlyakhter, I.; Yousif, A.; Mabon, P.; Zhang, X-O.; Cabral, J.; Shen, W.; Thomas, C.; Brown, J.; Enns, E.; de Hollander, M.; Boekel, J.; Kelleher, J.; Bouvier, D.; Turaga, N.; de Ruiter, J.R.; Choudhary, S.; Harding, N.; Kratz, A.; Fang, Z.; Kleinkauf, R.; Timm, H.; Khan, A.; Cock, P.J.A.; Seiler, E.; Nguyen, H.; Brislawn, C.; Stovner, E.B.; Johnson, J.E.; Hägglund, E.; Ewels, P.; Chambers, M.; Pruesse, E.; Guimera, R.V.; Ye, S.; Dunn, W.A.; Parsons, L.; Cornwell, M.; Reynolds, A.; Bargull, M.; Grassi, E.; Koppstein, D.; Patro, R.; Wohlers, I.; Stoler, N.; Blankenberg, D.; He, G.; Freeberg, M.; Farouini, R.; Junge, A.; Bogema, D.R.; Singh, S.; Cumbo, F.; Larson, D.E.; Wang, L.; Workentine, M.L.; Devisetty, U.K.; Laurent, S.; Garnier, X.; Agren, R.; Roger, P.; Eppley, J.M.; Li, W.; Rausch, R.; Chande, A.T.; Taylor, J.; Stöcker, B.K.; Milne, I.; Wright, P.R.; Taranto, A.P.; Chicco, D.; Abdennur, N.; Sennblad, B.; Baaijens, J.A.; Gopez, M.; Enache, O.M.; Pinello, L.; Srivastava, A.; de Bruijn, I.; Kensche, P.R.; Blin, K.; Pirola, Y.; Preussner, J.; Knudsen, M.; Bendall, M.L.; rai, V.; Gonnella, G.; Stahl, C.; Miles, A.; Waters, N.R.; Hiltemann, S.; Boursin, Y.; Perez-Riverol, Y.; Schmeier, S.; Clarke, E.; Arvai, K.; Jung, M.; Stephen, G.; Domenico, T.; seiler, J.; Rasche, E.; Kornobis, E.; Beisser, D.; Rahmann, S.; Mikheyev, A.S.; Tran, C.; Capellades, J.; Moskalenko, O.; Schröder, C.; Dirmeier, S.; Webster, T.H.; Salatino, A.E.; Urgese, G.; Köster, J. (2018) Bioconda: A sustainable and comprehensive software distribution for the life sciences., Nature Methods, 15, 475-476.
  • Baker, K.; Stephen, G.; Strachan, S.; Armstrong, M.; Hein, I. (2018) BLASTmap: A Shiny-based application to visualize BLAST results as interactive heat maps and a tool to design gene-specific baits for bespoke target enrichment sequencing, In: Ma, W. & Wolpert, T. (eds.) Plant Pathogenic Fungi and Oomyctes. Methods in Molecular Biology. New York: Humana Press, Volume 1848, 199-206.
  • Shaw, P.D.; Raubach, S.; Hearne, S.J.; Dreher, K.; Bryan, G.; McKenzie, G.; Milne, I.; Stephen, G.; Marshall, D.F. (2017) Germinate 3: Development of a common platform to support the distribution of experimental data on crop wild relatives., Crop Science, 57, 1259-1273.
  • Milne, I.; Bayer, M.; Stephen, G.; Cardle, L.; Marshall, D. (2016) Tablet: visualizing next-generation sequence assemblies and mappings., In: Edwards, D. (ed.). Plant Bioinformatics: Methods and Protocols, Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer Science+Business Media, New York, 14, pp253-268.
  • Ribeiro, A.; Golicz, A.; Hackett, C.A.; Milne, I.; Stephen, G.; Marshall, D.; Flavell, A.J.; Bayer, M. (2015) An investigation of causes of false positive single nucleotide polymorphisms using simulated reads from a small eukaryotic genome., BMC Bioinformatics, 16, Article No.382.
  • Milne, I.; Stephen, G.; Bayer, M.M.; Cock, P.J.A.; Pritchard, L.; Cardle, L.; Shaw, P.; Marshall, D.F. (2013) Using Tablet for visual exploration of second generation sequencing data., Briefings in Bioinformatics, 14, 193-202.
  • Bayer, M.M.; Milne, I.; Stephen, G.; Shaw, P.; Cardle, L.; Wright, F.; Marshall, D.F. (2011) Comparative visualization of genetic and physical maps with Strudel., Bioinformatics, 27, 1307-1308.
  • Milne, I.; Shaw, P.J.; Stephen, G.; Bayer, M.M.; Cardle, L.; Thomas, W.T.B.; Flavell, A.J.; Marshall, D.F. (2010) Flapjack - graphical genotype visualization., Bioinformatics, 26, 3133-3134.
  • Milne, I.; Bayer, M.M.; Cardle, L.; Shaw, P.; Stephen, G.; Wright, F.; Marshall, D.F. (2010) Tablet - next generation sequence assembly visualization., Bioinformatics, 26, 401-402.
  • Milne, I.; Shaw, P.; Milne, L.; Bayer, M.; Stephen, G.; Marshall, D.F. (2010) Visualising genetic diversity., Annual Report of the Scottish Crop Research Institute for 2009, pp21-22.

  • Guo, W.; Tzioutziou, N.A.; Stephen, G.; Milne, I.; Calixto, C.P.G.; Waugh, R.; Brown, J.W.S.; Zhang, R. (2021) 3D RNA-seq: a powerful and flexible tool for rapid and accurate differential expression and alternative splicing analysis of RNA-seq data for biologists., RNA Biology, 18, 1574-1587
  • Raubach, S.; Kilian, B.; Dreher, K.; Amri, A.; Bassi, F.M.; Boukar, O.; Cook, D.; Cruickshank, A.; Fatokun, C.; El Haddad, N.; Humphries, A.; Jordan, D.; Kehel, Z.; Kumar, S.; Labarosa, S.J.; Nguyen, L.H.; Mace, E.; McCouch, S.; McNally, K.; Marshall, D.F.; Mikwa, E.O.; Milne, I.; Odeny, D.A.; Plazas, M.; Prohens, J.; Rieseberg, L.H.; Schafleitner, R.; Sharma, S.; Stephen, G.; Quang Tin, H.; Togola, A.; Warschefsky, E.; Werner, P.; Shaw, P. (2021) From bits to bites: advancement of the Germinate platform to support prebreeding informatics for crop wild relatives., Crop Science, 61, 1538-1566
  • Sansaloni, C.; Franco, J.; Santos, B.; Percival-Alwyn, L.; Singh, S.; Petroli, C.; Campos, J.; Dreher, K.; Payne, T.; Marshall, D.; Kilian, B.; Milne, I.; Raubach, S.; Shaw, P.; Stephen, G.; Carling, J.; Saint Pierre, C.; Burgueño, J.; Crosa, J.; Li, H.; Guzman, C.; Kehel, Z.; Amri, A.; Kilian, A.; Wenzl, P.; Uauy, C.; Banziger, M.; Caccamo, M.; Pixley, K. (2020) Diversity analysis of 80,000 wheat accessions reveals consequences and opportunities of selection footprints, Nature Communications, 11, art.4572
  • Rapazote-Flores, P.; Bayer, M.; Milne, L.; Mayer, C-D.; Fuller, J.; Guo, W.; Hedley, P.E.; Morris, J.; Halpin, C.; Kam, J.; McKim, S.M.; Zwirek, M.; Casao, C.; Barakate, A.; Schreiber, M.; Stephen, G.; Zhang, R.; Brown, J.W.S.; Waugh, R.; Simpson, C.G. (2019) BaRTv1.0: a barley reference transcript dataset for quantitative measurement barley transcriptomes using RNA-seq., BMC Genomics, 20, Article No. 968.
  • Selby, P.; Abbeloos, R.; Backlund, J.E.; Basterrechea Salido, M.; Bauchet, G.; Benites-Alfaro, O.; Birkett, C.; Calaminos, V.C.; Carceller, P.; Cornut, G.; Costa, B.V.; Edwards, J.D.; Finkers, R.; Gao, S.Y.; Ghaffar, M.; Glaser, P.; Guignon, V.; Hok, P.; Kilian, A.; König, P; Lagare, J.E.B.; Lange, M.; Laporte, M.-A.; Larmande, P.; LeBauer, D.; Lyon, D.; Marshall, D.; Matthews, D.; Milne, I.; Mistry, N.; Morales, N.; Mueller, L.; Neveu, P.; Papoutsoglou, E.; Pearce, B.; Perez-Masias, I.; Pommier, C.; Ramirez-Gonzalez, R.H.; Rathore, A.; Raquel, A.M.; Raubach, S; Rife, T.; Robbins, K.; Rouard, R.; Sarma, C.; Scholz, U.; Selby, P.; Sempere, G.; Shaw, P.; Simon, R.; Soldevilla, N.; Stephen, G.; Sun, Q.; Tovar, C.; Uszynski, G.; Verouden, M. (2019) BrAPI - an Application Programming Interface for plant breeding applications., Bioinformatics, 35, 4147-4155.
  • Grüning, B.; Dale, R.; Sjödin, A.; Chapman, B.A.; Rowe, J.; Tomkins-Tinch, C.H.; Valieris, R.; Caprez, A.; Batut, B.; Haudgaard, M.; Cokelaer, T.; Beauchamp, K.A.; Pedersen, B.S.; Hoogstrate, Y.; Bretaudeau, A.; Ryan, D.; Le Corguillé, G.; Yusuf, D.; Luna-Valero, S.; Kirchner, R.; Brinda, K.; Wollmann, T.; Raden, M.; Pantano, L.; Soranzo, N.; van Heeringen, S.J.; Charlop-Powers, Z.; Unneberg, P.; de Smet, M.; Martin, M.; Von Kuster, G.; Antao, T.; Miladi, M.; Brueffer, C.; Thornton, K.; van den Beek, M.; Maticzka, D.; Blank, C.; Will, S.; Gravouil, K.; Wolff, J.; Holtgrewe, M.; Fallmann, J.; Piro, V.C.; Shlyakhter, I.; Yousif, A.; Mabon, P.; Zhang, X-O.; Cabral, J.; Shen, W.; Thomas, C.; Brown, J.; Enns, E.; de Hollander, M.; Boekel, J.; Kelleher, J.; Bouvier, D.; Turaga, N.; de Ruiter, J.R.; Choudhary, S.; Harding, N.; Kratz, A.; Fang, Z.; Kleinkauf, R.; Timm, H.; Khan, A.; Cock, P.J.A.; Seiler, E.; Nguyen, H.; Brislawn, C.; Stovner, E.B.; Johnson, J.E.; Hägglund, E.; Ewels, P.; Chambers, M.; Pruesse, E.; Guimera, R.V.; Ye, S.; Dunn, W.A.; Parsons, L.; Cornwell, M.; Reynolds, A.; Bargull, M.; Grassi, E.; Koppstein, D.; Patro, R.; Wohlers, I.; Stoler, N.; Blankenberg, D.; He, G.; Freeberg, M.; Farouini, R.; Junge, A.; Bogema, D.R.; Singh, S.; Cumbo, F.; Larson, D.E.; Wang, L.; Workentine, M.L.; Devisetty, U.K.; Laurent, S.; Garnier, X.; Agren, R.; Roger, P.; Eppley, J.M.; Li, W.; Rausch, R.; Chande, A.T.; Taylor, J.; Stöcker, B.K.; Milne, I.; Wright, P.R.; Taranto, A.P.; Chicco, D.; Abdennur, N.; Sennblad, B.; Baaijens, J.A.; Gopez, M.; Enache, O.M.; Pinello, L.; Srivastava, A.; de Bruijn, I.; Kensche, P.R.; Blin, K.; Pirola, Y.; Preussner, J.; Knudsen, M.; Bendall, M.L.; rai, V.; Gonnella, G.; Stahl, C.; Miles, A.; Waters, N.R.; Hiltemann, S.; Boursin, Y.; Perez-Riverol, Y.; Schmeier, S.; Clarke, E.; Arvai, K.; Jung, M.; Stephen, G.; Domenico, T.; seiler, J.; Rasche, E.; Kornobis, E.; Beisser, D.; Rahmann, S.; Mikheyev, A.S.; Tran, C.; Capellades, J.; Moskalenko, O.; Schröder, C.; Dirmeier, S.; Webster, T.H.; Salatino, A.E.; Urgese, G.; Köster, J. (2018) Bioconda: A sustainable and comprehensive software distribution for the life sciences., Nature Methods, 15, 475-476.
  • Shaw, P.D.; Raubach, S.; Hearne, S.J.; Dreher, K.; Bryan, G.; McKenzie, G.; Milne, I.; Stephen, G.; Marshall, D.F. (2017) Germinate 3: Development of a common platform to support the distribution of experimental data on crop wild relatives., Crop Science, 57, 1259-1273.
  • Ribeiro, A.; Golicz, A.; Hackett, C.A.; Milne, I.; Stephen, G.; Marshall, D.; Flavell, A.J.; Bayer, M. (2015) An investigation of causes of false positive single nucleotide polymorphisms using simulated reads from a small eukaryotic genome., BMC Bioinformatics, 16, Article No.382.
  • Milne, I.; Stephen, G.; Bayer, M.M.; Cock, P.J.A.; Pritchard, L.; Cardle, L.; Shaw, P.; Marshall, D.F. (2013) Using Tablet for visual exploration of second generation sequencing data., Briefings in Bioinformatics, 14, 193-202.
  • Bayer, M.M.; Milne, I.; Stephen, G.; Shaw, P.; Cardle, L.; Wright, F.; Marshall, D.F. (2011) Comparative visualization of genetic and physical maps with Strudel., Bioinformatics, 27, 1307-1308.
  • Milne, I.; Shaw, P.J.; Stephen, G.; Bayer, M.M.; Cardle, L.; Thomas, W.T.B.; Flavell, A.J.; Marshall, D.F. (2010) Flapjack - graphical genotype visualization., Bioinformatics, 26, 3133-3134.
  • Milne, I.; Bayer, M.M.; Cardle, L.; Shaw, P.; Stephen, G.; Wright, F.; Marshall, D.F. (2010) Tablet - next generation sequence assembly visualization., Bioinformatics, 26, 401-402.

  • Milne, I.; Shaw, P.; Milne, L.; Bayer, M.; Stephen, G.; Marshall, D.F. (2010) Visualising genetic diversity., Annual Report of the Scottish Crop Research Institute for 2009, pp21-22.

  • Rapazote-Flores, P.; Mayer, C-D.; Hedley, P.E.; Morris, J.; Fuller, J.; Milne, L.; Stephen, G.; Raeside, A.; Bayer, M.; Brown, J.W.S.; Calixto, C.P.G.; de la Vega, J.; Ayling, S.; Sampath, D.; Caccamo, M.; Waugh, R. (2016) Organ specific expression and alternative splicing in Barley (Hordeum vulgare)., Poster, September 2016.
  • Baker, K.; Bayer, M.; Cook, N.; Dreissig, S.; Dhillon, T.; Russell, J.; Hedley, P.; Morris, J.; Colas, I.; Waugh, R.; Steffenson, B.; Milne, I.; Stephen, G.; Marshall, D.; Flavell, A.J. (2014) The peri-centromeric heterochromatin of barley is a permissive environment for gene diversity, expression and evolution., Plant and Animal Genome XXII, San Diego, California, USA, 12-16 January 2014.
  • Stephen, G.; Milne, I.; Bayer, M.; Shaw, P.D.; Raubach, S.; Hearne, S.; Singh, S.; Wenzl, P.; Marshall, D. (2014) Graphical applications for visualizing and analysing genotype data sets., VizBi 2014, 2nd EMBO Conference on Visualizing Biological Data, EML-Heidelberg, Germany, 5-7 March 2014.
  • Milne, I.; Stephen, G.; Bayer, M.; Shaw, P.D.; Raubach, S.; Hearne, S.; Singh, S.; Wenzl, P.; Marshall, D. (2014) Graphical applications for visualizing and analysing genotype data sets., International Plant and Animal Genome XXII, San Diego, CA, USA, 11-15 January 2014.
  • Shaw, P.D.; Raubach, S.; Milne, I.; Stephen, G.; Wenzl, P.; Hearne, S.; Singh,; Marshall, D.F. (2014) Germinate: Wheat and maize databases for the Seeds of Discovery Project., International Plant and Animal Genome XXII Conference, San Diego, California, 11-15 January 2014.
  • Shaw, P.; Thomas, B.; Ramsay, L.; Waugh, R.; Comadran, J.; Stephen, G.; Milne, I.; Graham, M.; Kennedy, J.; Marshall, D. (2013) Visualizing genetic transmission patterns in plant pedigrees., Plant and Animal Genome XXI, San Diego, CA, USA, 12-16 January 2013, P0974.
  • Milne, I.; Stephen, G.; Bayer, M.; Cardle, L.; Shaw, P.; Marshall, D. (2013) Optimisation of SNP and alternative splicing discovery using the Tablet NGS viewer., Plant and Animal Genome XXI, San Diego, CA, USA, 12-16 January 2013, P0971.
  • Shaw, P.; Milne, I.; Cardle, L.; Waugh, R.; Flavell, A.J.; Stephen, G.; Bayer, M.; Graham, M.; Kennedy, J.; Marshall, D.F. (2011) Germinate 2 - Storage, visualization and analysis of high volume genotypic, phenotypic and pedigree data., Plant and Animal Genome XIX, San Diego, California, USA, 15-19 January 2011. (Poster)
  • Marshall, D.F.; Milne, I.; Bayer, M.; Shaw, P.; Cardle, L.; Stephen, G.; Ramsay, L.; Comadran, J.; Thomas, W.T.B.; Russell, J.R.; Flavell, A.J.; Waugh, R. (2010) What you see is what you get: SCRI visualization tools for SNP discovery, genotype analysis and comparative mapping., Plant & Animal Genome XVIII, San Diego, California, USA, 9-13 January 2010 (Abstract).
  • Marshall, D.F.; Milne, I.; Bayer, M.; Shaw, P.; Cardle, L.; Stephen, G.; Ramsay, L.; Comadran, J.; Thomas, W.T.B.; Russell, J.R.; Flavell, A.J.; Waugh, R. (2010) Tablet, flapjack and strudel; SCRI visualization tools to support SNP discovery, genotype analysis and comparative mapping., Plant & Animal Genome XVIII, San Diego, California, USA, 9-13 January 2010 (Poster).
  • Shaw, P.; Cardle, L.; Milne, I.; Waugh, R.; Flavell, A.J.; Stephen, G.; Bayer, M.M.; Graham, M.; Kennedy, J.; Marshall, D.F. (2010) Germinate 2 - storage, visualization and analysis of high volume genotypic, phenotypic and pedigree data., Plant & Animal Genome XVIII, San Diego, California, USA, 9-13 January 2010 (Abstract).

Printed from /staff/gordon-stephen on 28/03/24 10:12:30 PM

The James Hutton Research Institute is the result of the merger in April 2011 of MLURI and SCRI. This merger formed a new powerhouse for research into food, land use, and climate change.